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Hemorrhoids (hemorrhoidal disease) are characterized by swelling and inflammation of the rectal veins.

Hemorrhoids can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (around the anus). Both types may cause pain, itching, bleeding, and physical discomfort.

Causes of Hemorrhoids

• Hemorrhoids can develop on their own or together with other health conditions. Main causes include:
• Chronic constipation or diarrhea — irregular bowel movements are a key factor.
• Pregnancy and childbirth — increased pressure in the pelvic veins and hormonal changes raise the risk.
• Poor diet — low fluid and fiber intake contributes to the condition.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Overweight — adds pressure on the rectal area.
• Heavy lifting — frequent weight training increases intra-abdominal pressure.
• Rough anal sex — may irritate and inflame the area.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Age — natural aging weakens connective tissues, increasing risk.

Symptoms of Hemorrhoids

• Bleeding during or after bowel movements (often painless, seen on toilet paper).
• External lumps can be felt, often bluish or purple due to swelling.
• Itching and irritation around the anus.
• Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying after defecation.
• Burning and discomfort during long sitting.

Risk Groups

• People with sedentary lifestyle.
• Pregnant women.
• Elderly.
• People with chronic constipation or diarrhea.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is performed by a proctologist with an external exam and a digital rectal exam.

Hemorrhoid Treatment

• Treatment depends on severity:
• Early stage: ointments, suppositories, sitz baths, medications.
• Advanced stage: minimally invasive and surgical procedures:
• Rubber band ligation
• Sclerotherapy
• Infrared coagulation
• Hemorrhoidectomy (surgical removal)

Possible Complications

• Anemia due to chronic blood loss.
• Infections (abscess, sepsis).

Diet for Prevention

Best foods:

• Legumes (beans, lentils, peas)
• Whole grains (buckwheat, quinoa, brown rice, oats)
• Vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, radish, sweet potato, beetroot, carrot, bell pepper, celery, cucumber)
• Fruits (pear, apple, blueberry, banana)

With winter approaching, toenail health becomes increasingly important. Cold weather and the need to wear closed shoes can lead to nail injuries, swelling, and fungal or bacterial infections.

Ingrown toenail is one of the most common problems, usually affecting the big toe. The nail edge grows into the skin, causing inflammation and pain. If your toe is swollen, red, painful to touch, or shows signs of pus, be sure to see a podiatrist. Prompt professional intervention prevents complications.

Treatment of an ingrown nail involves several stages:

• Reducing inflammation and infection
• Removing only the ingrown part of the nail
• Applying braces and pads to guide healthy nail growth

Prevention tips:

• Choose roomy, comfortable shoes
• Trim toenails straight, don’t round the corners
• Wash your feet regularly and use natural-fiber socks
• If you have diabetes or ulcers, never self-treat — see a specialist!

Remember, podiatry procedures are the best way to prevent complications and diabetic foot problems. Winter is the best time to care for your feet and welcome summer with healthy toenails.

Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition that causes white patches due to loss of pigment cells (melanocytes). It can develop at any age, in people of any race or gender, and often appears on sun-exposed areas like hands, face, feet, as well as in the ears or nose.

7 Myths and the Truth About Vitiligo

Myth: Vitiligo is only a cosmetic problem
Fact: It’s an autoimmune disease, often found together with other autoimmune conditions.

Myth: Vitiligo is contagious
Fact: Vitiligo is not infectious and cannot be transmitted.

Myth: Vitiligo only affects people with dark skin
Fact: Anyone can develop vitiligo, but patches are more noticeable on darker skin.

Myth: Vitiligo is caused by food or deodorants
Fact: Vitiligo results from pigment loss; stress and autoimmune factors are likely triggers.

Myth: Vitiligo causes physical complications
Fact: Physical complications are rare, though sunburn risk is higher.

Myth: Vitiligo is related to diet
Fact: Diet or food combinations do not cause vitiligo.

Myth: Vitiligo is linked to skin cancer, leprosy, or albinism
Fact: Vitiligo is a separate disorder; for proper diagnosis, see a dermatologist.

Conclusion:
Vitiligo is manageable. Modern therapies help slow its progression and improve quality of life. Always seek medical advice for correct diagnosis and care.

Anemia is often associated with pale skin, but it is not just a synonym for weight loss. The word "anemia" comes from Greek and literally means "lack of blood."

What is anemia?

Clinically, anemia is characterized by low levels of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and/or hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is the main protein in erythrocytes, responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Therefore, anemia always leads to tissue oxygen deficiency, causing weakness and fatigue.

Types of anemia and their causes

• A lack of hemoglobin is not the only cause of anemia. There are several types, each with different underlying factors:
• Iron deficiency anemia — develops when the body lacks iron. Iron is essential for hemoglobin production, so its deficiency reduces oxygen delivery.
• Vitamin deficiency anemia (B9, B12) — leads to abnormal red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. Often linked to poor nutrition, low vitamin intake, or impaired absorption.

Aplastic anemia — a rare but life-threatening condition where the body stops producing new blood cells. It can occur at any age and often starts suddenly.

Sickle cell anemia — an inherited form in which red blood cells become sickle-shaped, rigid, and sticky, impeding blood flow.

Symptoms of anemia

• Persistent fatigue and weakness due to lack of oxygen.
• Shortness of breath during physical activity.
• Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia).
• Problems with concentration, memory, and cognitive function.
• Mood swings, irritability.
• Feeling cold even at normal temperatures.
• Hair loss.
• The severity and combination of symptoms depend on the cause and type of anemia.

Anemia in pregnancy

Anemia is very common in pregnant women and poses risks for both mother and baby. The fetus receives iron, folic acid, and other vitamins from the mother, increasing the risk of anemia, especially in the second and third trimesters.

• Possible complications:
• Low birth weight;
• Premature birth;
• Increased need for blood transfusion during delivery;
• Reduced milk supply;
• Iron deficiency in the newborn;
• Postpartum depression.

How is anemia treated?

Treatment methods depend on the cause and severity:

• If anemia is due to a deficiency in iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid, it is essential to include these nutrients in your diet. Supplements may be prescribed by a doctor.
• In severe cases, blood transfusions may be required.
• For anemia caused by chronic diseases, managing the underlying condition and lifestyle changes may be necessary.
• Treatment often involves regular monitoring and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. 

Self-medication is risky and not recommended!

Skin cancer is one of the most widespread forms of cancer worldwide, affecting millions of people every year. Unfortunately, there are still many myths and misconceptions about skin cancer. Let’s review the most popular myths and see what the reality is.

Myth 1: Skin cancer only affects fair-skinned people
Reality: While fair-skinned individuals are more sensitive, anyone can develop skin cancer. Risk factors and genetics play a significant role.

Myth 2: Skin cancer only develops in areas frequently exposed to the sun
Reality: Skin cancer can occur anywhere on the body, even in areas not exposed to sunlight. That’s why it’s important to check all suspicious spots and moles.

Myth 3: Tanning is a sign of health
Reality: Tanning is actually a sign of skin damage. The skin produces more melanin to protect itself from UV rays, which increases long-term risks. Use SPF creams and avoid tanning beds.

Myth 4: You should only use sunscreen on sunny days
Reality: UV rays penetrate clouds and are dangerous even on cloudy days. Use sunscreen and appropriate clothing every day, and stay in the shade during peak sunlight hours.

Myth 5: Skin cancer is not serious
Reality: Skin cancer can become very dangerous, spreading to organs and threatening life. It’s crucial to have all suspicious spots and moles checked by a dermatologist.

Share this information with your loved ones and protect yourself from risks. Early detection and treatment of skin cancer can save lives. Don’t forget about regular check-ups and preventive care at professional clinics.

Kani Dəri Clinic — advanced technology, AI-powered diagnostics, and a highly qualified team are at your service.

Take care of your skin — prevention and regular check-ups are essential!