Urticaria

Urticaria is a condition characterized by large, well-defined areas of erythema and swelling involving the dermis and epidermis. The disease can manifest as acute (lasting up to 6 weeks) or chronic (lasting more than 6 weeks). Urticaria can be mistaken for other dermatological conditions with similar symptoms. However, an experienced physician can often distinguish it from other disorders.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

To classify urticaria as acute, periodic, or chronic, it is important to consider the patient's medical history, the frequency of outbreaks, and the duration of itching and rash.

RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC OR RECURRENT URTICARIA

• Triggers such as heat, cold, pressure, physical exercise, sunlight, stress, or chronic diseases;
• Other conditions causing itching without a rash, such as diabetes, chronic kidney failure, primary biliary cirrhosis, or other dermatological diseases;
• Recent illnesses;
• Medications;
• Climate changes;
• Certain foods;
• Alcohol consumption;
• Pregnancy.

VISUAL MANIFESTATIONS

• Bright pink wheals that may appear linear, round, or arc-shaped. They can occur anywhere on the skin, with a tendency to merge and regress quickly;
• Angioedema of the lips, tongue, and larynx;
• Individual lesions that are painful, long-lasting, and may leave areas of hyperpigmentation.

DIAGNOSIS

Patients suffering from chronic or recurrent urticaria are advised to consult a dermatologist for evaluation and further treatment. Laboratory tests may assist the physician in establishing a diagnosis.